Informations Technology(IT) & Computer Gujarati PDF Materials Download | By B.R.Education Information technology (IT) is the application of computers to store, study, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a free . IT is considered a subset.
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Computer
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use1 . Functionalities of a computer2 Any digital computer carries out five functions in gross terms:
Take data input
Store the data
Prosses the data
Generates Outputs
controls all above four steps.
Hardware:
Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that can be touched
Example of Input Devices:-
1. Keyboard 2. Mouse (pointing device) 3. Microphone 4. Touch screen 5. Scanner 6. Webcam 7. Touchpads 8. MIDI keyboard 9. 10.Graphics Tablets 11.Cameras 12.Pen Input 13.Video Capture Hardware 14.Microphone 15.Trackballs 16.Barcode reader 17.Digital camera 18.Joystick 19.Gamepad 20.Electronic Whiteboard
Size example
1 bit - answer to an yes/no question
1 byte - a number from 0 to 255.
90 bytes: enough to store a typical line of text from a book.
4 KB: about one page of text.
120 KB: the text of a typical pocket book.
3 MB - a three minute song (128k bitrate)
650-900 MB - an CD-ROM
1 GB -114 minutes of uncompressed CD-quality audio at 1.4 Mbit/s
8-16 GB - size of a normal flash drive
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MS- EXCEL
A spreadsheet is essentially a matrix of rows and columns. Consider a sheet of paper on which horizontal and vertical lines are drawn to yield a rectangular grid. The grid namely a cell, is the result of the intersection of a row with a column. Such a structure is called a
Spreadsheet.
A spreadsheet package contains electronic equivalent of a pen, an eraser and large sheet of paper with vertical and horizontal lines to give rows and columns. The cursor position uniquely shown in dark mode indicates where the pen is currently pointing. We can enter text or numbers at any position on the worksheet. We can enter a formula in a cell where we want to perform a calculation and results are to be displayed. A powerful recalculation facility jumps into action each time we update the cell contents with new data. MS-Excel is the most powerful spreadsheet package brought by Microsoft. The three main components of this package are
Electronic spreadsheet
Database management
Generation of Charts.
Each workbook provides 3 worksheets with facility to increase the number of sheets. Each sheet provides 256 columns and 65536 rows to work with. Though the spreadsheet packages were originally designed for accountants, they have become popular with almost everyone working with figures. Sales executives, book-keepers, officers, students, research scholars, investors bankers etc, almost any
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